LEXICAL POLYSEMY IN DIACHRONY AND SYNCHRONY

The paper considers the peculiarities of origin and functioning lexical polysemy in different languages, particular Ukrainian, German English. author examines discourse Ukrainian scholars terms study polysemic words causes, relationship between meanings words, distinction phenomena homonymy, linguistic functions units. opinion that languages is not an accidental phenomenon was justified. It emphasized presence a limited amount vocabulary, which associated with qualitative features physiological mechanism human brain (memory), leads to emergence ambiguous words. Each word has relatively constant semantic core, independent context, necessary basis for units, it ensures integrity word. Although set polysemantic differs, universal all languages. allows expanding nominative potential and, given cost-effectiveness language, avoid increasing number items. need determine nature meaning at level language speech, its frameworks, concept structure word, core connections, relationships described. major factors influence changes consist various process historical development acquire new meanings, were characterized. more aspects, are historically fixed minds people connection certain phenomenon. effectiveness as means increase due formatting existing values ones active lexicon substantiated.